On Jan 8-13, Buqing, Chuanghe and Gan went to the northern Hainan Island for soil sampling. The region contains a great chronosequence of red soil, with thickness up to tens of metres, developed on basalt rocks, of which the corresponding volcanic eruption time spanning from 4 Ma to 10 Ka before present (BP). We are to evaluate the lifetime of black carbon across the geological times. Two local workers joined us to help with digging and coring.  In total we have collected 40 soil profiles, at 8 sites each with 5 profiles. It was warm, and there were mosquitos and unknow insects in the jungles. However, the tropical scenery is picturesque, and the flavor of local chicken is wonderful. It is a successful sampling trip, and we are waiting for the fruitful scientific outcomes!

~12 Ka BP volcanic basic rocks (basalt). 基性岩（玄武岩）

Digging from ground.

Tuff jobs.

The c.a. 12 Ka soil profile.

A good porter.

Deep in the jungle.

A core section at -80 to -100 cm .

Harvesting.

Packing.

The most robust tools.

Coring relics.

Local boiled chicken.